Multi-technology RF fingerprinting with leaky-feeder in underground tunnels

Techniques using RSS fingerprinting for localization have been studied over a number of different technologies in many different scenarios. In the case of underground tunnels localization can be quite challenging, yet it is extremely important for safety reasons. In the specific case of the CERN tunnels, accurate and automatized localization methods would additionally allow the workflow of some activities to become substantially faster. In a radiation area this would also have the added benefit of reducing the exposure time of personnel conducting so called radiation surveys which have to be carried out before access can be granted. In this paper Fingerprinting techniques for GSM and Wireless LAN are studied and enhanced to take advantage of both network technologies simultaneously as well as the channels RSS differential and an observed effect in the radiated power in the leaky-feeder cables. Besides the higher accuracy achieved for a single technology, this methodology looks promising for scenarios where several types of wireless networks are available or expected to be installed at a later stage.