A comparison of power-analysis-resistant digital circuits

Power analysis attacks are a common and effective method of defeating cryptographic systems. Many power-analysis-resistant digital circuit techniques have been previously proposed, leaving the circuit designer a myriad of choices without a simple way to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. In this paper, we compare four promising power-analysis-resistant digital logic styles against a standard CMOS baseline. By comparing these techniques side by side in a consistent manner we present a clearer picture of the advantages and drawbacks of each. Results are presented for logic gate area, energy consumption, and power-analysis resistance. We also present a novel test structure suitable for measuring power-analysis resistance of individual logic gates in actual silicon.