A method for bioimpedance measure with four- and two-electrode sensor systems

This paper presents an alternative method to measure impedances based on constant amplitude voltage excitation. The method makes use of feedback principle to adapt the measure conditions to load under test, being easily applied to bioimpedance measure with electrode sensors. The method has been tested for several frequencies and loads, employing four and two electrode setups. Results from electrical simulations, using CMOS circuits, fulfil the expected performance. This technique can be extended to wide frequency and load ranges, being an excellent option for impedance spectroscopy and EIT applications.