Adaptive behavior of 0.9PMN-0.1PT ceramics

The 0.9PMN-0.1PT longitudinal strains induced by a quasi-static electric field (20 mHz frequency with a 0 to 0.5 kV/mm amplitude) exhibit a nonlinear behavior as a function of the compressive stress (-5 to -30 MPa) and can be well fitted by a polynomial relation of the strain as a function of the stress and the electric field: x_T(E,X)=Σ_i(Σ_j, M_ij , E^j).Xⁱ with i=0...2 and j=0...3, for which the coefficients M_ij directly depend on the temperature. Consequently, this shows that the dynamic elastic compliance of the material is a function of the electric field, compressive stress and temperature. These dependencies can be attributed to the growth of compliant polar clusters distributed in a paraelectric matrix, induced by decreasing temperature or increasing electric field, and inhibited by the application of a compressive stress. Therefore, in conclusion, 0.9PbMg_1/3Nb_2/30₃-0.1PbTiO₃ bulk ceramics can be considered as adaptive materials