Title :
Retinal prosthetic devices
Author_Institution :
Grad. Sch. of Mater. Sci., Nara Inst. of Sci. & Technol., Nara, Japan
Abstract :
In case of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and aged-macular degeneration (AMD), the photoreceptor cells are dysfunctional, whereas most of the other retinal cells, such as ganglion cells, remain healthy, unless the disease is in the terminal stage. Consequently, by stimulating the remaining retinal cells, visual sensation or phosphene can be evoked. This is the principle of the retinal prosthesis, or artificial vision. Based on this principle, a retinal prosthesis device stimulates retinal cells with a patterned electrical signal so that a blind patient may sense a patterned phosphene, or something like an image.
Keywords :
bioMEMS; biological tissues; biomedical electrodes; biomedical materials; data communication; diseases; eye; neuromuscular stimulation; prosthetic power supplies; radio access networks; vision defects; visual evoked potentials; CMOS-based chip; CMOS-based stimulator; aged macular degeneration; artificial retina; artificial vision; biocompatible capsulation; data transmission system; disease; electrical signal; electromagnetic coupling; epiretinal implantation; ganglion cell; microchip; phosphene; photoreceptor cell; photoreceptors; power supply; retinal prosthetic device; retinal stimulator; retinitis pigmentosa; retinotopy; sclera pocket; stimulus pattern; subretinal implantation; suprachoroid transretinal stimulation; tissue contact; ultrasmall stimulus electrode; visual sensation; water resistance; wireless transmission technology; Clinical trials; Electrodes; Photoreceptors; Prosthetics; Retina; Wireless communication; Wireless sensor networks;
Conference_Titel :
Technologies Beyond 2020 (TTM), 2011 IEEE Technology Time Machine Symposium on
Conference_Location :
Hong Kong
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4577-0415-4
Electronic_ISBN :
978-1-4577-0416-1
DOI :
10.1109/TTM.2011.6005172
