Sensitivity of elbow flexion and extension moment arms relative to the number and location of wrapping points

In this study emphasis was given to the anatomical configuration, the location and the number of wrapping points that are introduced in a musculoskeletal model and their effect on the shape as well as on the magnitude of the moment arms for the major flexor and extensor muscle of the elbow joint. The aim of this work was to examine the effects that the number as well as the location of wrapping points have on the moment arm curve for the major flexor and extensor muscles of the elbow throughout the range of motion. A comparison of the results of this study with those presented in the literature was carried out to examine the agreement between data obtained from cadavers, a musculoskeletal model and mathematical functions