Risk based spinning reserve allocation considering emergency Demand Response Program

Various ancillary services are needed in a deregulated power system to ensure the electricity to be delivered reliably and the system is operated securely. Spinning reserve is one of these ancillary services which a reasonable amount of such reserve is essential to satisfy system security constraints when the power system faces with a contingency. In this paper, Emergency Demand Response Program (EDRP) as one of the incentive-based Demand Response (DR) programs, which is usually used for reducing the peak demand, is implemented as a source of spinning reserve. In this regard, certain demands are selected for EDRP implementation according to a sensitivity analysis, and are considered as equivalent generating units. To take into account the effects of uncertainties in the DR program, equivalent generating units are modeled with random outage effects. Moreover, a probabilistic simulation can then be conducted to predict the total production cost and reliability of these new virtual generators. Finally, two reliability indices are compared in the existence and absence of EDRP program for evaluation of the proposed method. Numerical studies are conducted based on IEEE 57 bus test system.