The impact of embedded generation on voltage regulation and losses of distribution networks

Generation of electrical power using renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar radiation, hydro, etc. has received considerable attention in recent years. This has resulted in a rapid increase of the number of generators connected to electric utilities´ networks. When such generators are integrated into utilities´ networks at the distribution level they are commonly referred to as “embedded generators” (EGs). Various studies conducted by industry and academia in various countries have shown that embedded generation could effect the operation of an existing distribution network as well as the future refurbishment and/or planning of a network. In this paper, the effects of embedded generation on distribution networks is briefly reviewed. A detailed discussion is also given on the effect of embedded generation on two aspects, namely voltage regulation and distribution network losses