Impact of embedded generation on design, operation and protection of distribution networks

Embedded generators are mostly treated as sources to be tolerated and dispensable during major or localised power system disturbances. Some have the potential to become an integral and contributing part of the distribution network. The author describes how, in order to achieve this, more sympathetic network design and operation is required to utilise them to improve distribution network performance and security. Nonradial operation of feeders and interconnection of transformers offer an immediate means to increase capacities and accommodate generators. However there must be close collaboration between electric utilities and embedded generators if the end result is to remain a safe and cost-effective power system