Cycle-Based Data Aggregation for Grid-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a Cycle-Based Data Aggregation Scheme (CBDAS) for grid-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The whole sensor filed is partitioned into a 2D logical grid of cells. Each cell has a head responsible for aggregating its own data with the data sensed by the others in the same cell and then transmitting out. In order to efficiently and rapidly transmit the data to the base station (BS), we link each cell head to form a cyclic chain. Each cell head on the cyclic chain takes turn becoming cycle leader responsible for transmitting data to the BS. For each round, when the cycle leader receives the request from the BS, it sends each direction a token travelling along the cyclic chain. Once a cell head receives the second token from the other direction, it drops the token and disconnects the cyclic chain, making itself as one end and the sender of the second token as the other end. Subsequently, both end nodes respectively transmit their own aggregated data to cycle leader in the opposite direction. As a result, the transmissions are reduced so that it greatly extends the lifetime of the whole WSN. Simulation results show that the proposed CBDAS extends the lifetime of sensor nodes so as to prolong the lifetime of the whole network.