The overview of overexpression of the C4-specific Phosphoenolpyruvate caroxylase into C3 plants

The propose of this paper is to introducing an overview of different aspects of Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) multigene family including phylogeny and evolutionary, regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of the gene encoding the photosynthesis isoform of C₄ plants especially in sugarcane, maize, sorghum and Flaveria with unique system to study molecular changes were presented. The method are used in this research are based on field investigation and laboratory works. The results of this study showed that, this is a prerequisite for the ambitious aims such as the expression of C₄ cycle enzymes in C₃ plants, or over-expression of PEPC in C₄ plants to improve Co₂ fixation under different conditions.