An overview of genetic engineering of PEPC, PPDK and NADP-ME enzymes from C4 plants to C3

PEPC, PPKD and NADP-ME are the most important enzymes in the C₄ pathway of photosynthesis which have introduced into C₃ plants to increase efficiency of photosynthesis. In this paper the strategy of introduction of the intact C₄-specific gene into C₃ plants would be expected to lead to high level and cell-expression of C₄ enzymes in mesophyll cells. By contrast, over expression of enzymes specific of bundle sheath cells, conventional techniques with gene constructs containing a strong promoter fused to a cDNA were effective.