Analysis of distributed coupling along nonparallel traces using PEEC with phase term expansions

Electrically large problems require full-wave calculations that can be handled using PEEC using either static phase approximations, phase term expansions, or the dynamic Greenpsilas function directly.When distributed coupling is significant between traces, parallel or nonparallel, a quasi-static approximation will return incorrect results in the coupling terms. Nonparallel coupled lines pose a problem that is not easily solved by transmission lines, but may in some cases be analyzed by lumped element models or quasi-static models when near-end coupling dominates.