GNSS/INS/LiDAR integration in urban environment: Algorithm description and results from ATENEA test campaign

The ATENEA (Advanced Techniques for Navigation Receivers and Applications) project aims to join deeply integrated GNSS/INS receiver architectures and LIDAR techniques to provide an advanced navigation solution. The approach is suitable for a wide range of surveying applications in difficult environments, being Urban Mapping selected as reference case. This paper presents the integrated GNSS+INS+LiDAR navigation filter, and detailed results of the test campaign carried out using both synthetic and real data. These results validate the ATENEA concept and open the possibilities of using such system for reliable navigation in urban environments.