Simulating an indoor ultra wideband channel based on a niching particle swarm optimizer

A new approach to the modeling of indoor ultra wideband radio channel is presented. We first characterize the scattering by local clutter using a set of canonical structures. Subsequently, the channel can be regarded as a continuous multimodal cost function of the scatterer locations. Each local maximum and its surrounding area are the result of closely associated objects that are part of a very similar group of paths to the receiver. Next, an evolutionary ray tracing technique based on the niching particle swarm optimization, which is a newly invented population-based optimizer, is developed. By comparing model results with measurements, we conclude that a reasonably accurate description of the propagation process can be obtained with a relatively simple model