Cavity-backed on-body antenna for customised hearing instrument applications

A novel on-body antenna targeted for 2.45 GHz customised in-the-ear hearing instrument applications is designed, implemented, and measured. The antenna is designed to use the maximum volume available in the user´s ear canal and to provide isolation from the user´s body. The polarisation is primarily normal to the surface of the head to ensure the best on-body path gain. Efficiency and S-parameters from measurements in free space and on a specific anthropomorphic mannequin head endowed with ears are presented.