Dynamic simulation model for hybrid electric scooters

This paper presents a dynamic simulation model for a hybrid electric scooter (HES) designed by NPUST in Taiwan. The HES is built in a parallel hybrid configuration with a 24 V 370 W auxiliary power electric motor, a 24 V 600 W generator, a 24 V 15 AH battery, and an electronically controlled fuel injection internal combustion engine (ICE). Because the system is complex and nonlinear in nature, the simulation model utilizes mathematical models in tandem with accumulated experimental data. The methods used to construct the model and to prepare experimental data are fully described. Efforts are made to accurately predict key system parameters including engine speed, velocity, CVT gear ratio, battery state of charge (SOC), and fuel consumption rates during an ECE-40 driving cycle test. The efficacy of the model was verified experimentally with a scooter chassis dynamometer; parameters predicted by the simulation model are seen to be in excellent agreement with those of experiments.