An Energy-Efficient Data Gathering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

An energy-efficient data gathering protocol called E2DGP that takes advantage of spatial and temporal correlation of sampling data for WSNs is proposed in this paper. E2DGP includes a clustering method of balancing energy consumption, a data prediction transmission strategy and an energy-aware multihop routing algorithm. In clustering process phase, the initial probability of node for cluster head election is derived from mathematical relation between applicationpsilas seamless coverage fraction and numbers of required cluster heads. In data aggregation phase, the spatial correlation of data within a cluster is utilized by cluster head to aggregate sampling data. According to temporal correlation of sampling data, cluster heads send data to sink node using prediction transmission strategy while satisfying the transmission precision in the data transmission phase, and the lifetime of network is greatly prolonged by this strategy. In order to mitigate the hot spot problem among cluster heads, a greedy geographic and energy-aware multihop routing algorithm is presented for inter-cluster communication. Simulation results show that E2DGP outperforms EECS and LEACH in terms of network lifetime by balancing energy consumption and decrease of transmission while meeting desired application-specific requirements.