An efficient object-based algorithm for spatial searching, insertion and deletion

The authors propose an object-based index structure for manipulating spatial objects with non-zero size. They introduce the main ideas of the proposed index structure. A detailed description of the algorithms is given for searching, insertion, and deletion in a database system with a high frequency of retrievals and a low frequency of insertions and deletions. The algorithms are then described for retrievals, insertions, and deletions for a database system with a nearly equal frequency of retrievals, insertions and deletions