Intelligent LFC Concerning High Penetration of Wind Power: Synthesis and Real-Time Application

Load-frequency control (LFC) is one of the important control problems in electric power system design and operation, and is becoming more significant today because of the increasing renewable energy sources such as wind farms. Wind power fluctuations impose additional power imbalance to the power system and may affect the frequency regulation performance, negatively. Dealing with this challenge, the present paper addresses an intelligent proportional-integral based fuzzy logic scheme for simultaneous minimization of system frequency deviation and tie-line power changes, which is required for successful operation of the LFC system concerning the high-penetration wind power in interconnected power systems. In order to obtain an optimal performance, the particle swarm optimization technique is used to online determine the membership function parameters. The physical and engineering aspects have been fully considered. The proposed control scheme is examined on the 10-machine New England test power system, and an experimental real-time implementation is also performed on the aggregated model of West Japan Power System.