Different transmission loss allocation schemes in deregulated power markets

This paper suggests different transmission loss allocation (TLA) schemes. The impact of different network users in deregulated power markets is considered. The market payment model considers the TLA as a constraint added to other system constraints. An optimal TLA scheme is proposed, beside the suggested TLA schemes, using particle swarm optimization technique. The TLA at different market conditions for different test systems are presented to show the capability of the suggested schemes. The proposed methodology is compatible with independent system operator (ISO) evaluation for obtaining responsible economic signals. Then ISO can achieve an early detection of market equilibrium through the proposed scheme.