Earthing resistance measurement technique without using auxiliary electrodes

This paper proposes a technique for measuring earthing resistance without using auxiliary electrodes. A new measurement technique and a measurement tool (earth tester) are introduced and discussed. The new technique is examined by comparing with the existing method (three poles method). The earthing resistance deviation between the new technique and the existing method are less than 10-20%. It is found that the new technique is useful to evaluate or check earthing resistance when earth soil surface is covered by pavement or stones