Factors affecting emission mitigation of T&D loss reduction for power sector planning with DSM options: a case of Indonesia

This study examines the implications of T&D loss reduction for a long-term power sector planning considering DSM options in Indonesia. In particular, an approach has been developed to examine the factors which affect the total CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x mitigations due to T&D loss reduction. The results show that there are three factors which affect the total CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x mitigations due to T&D loss reduction, i.e., fuel-mix-, loss reduction- and demand side management-effects. Of these three effects, the loss reduction effect contributes to the highest share to the reduction of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x emissions. The fuel-mix effect would reduce CO₂ emission under all cases, but in the case of SO₂ and NO_x, the fuel mix effect would increase or decrease the emissions. Unlike the loss reduction effect, the demand side management effect would act towards increasing CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x emissions under all cases.