Analytical theory for the relative intensity noise of multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: influence of spatial effects

In this paper we obtain analytical expressions for the RIN of multimode VCSELs. These expressions take into account spatial effects since transverse mode and carrier density profiles are incorporated in our analysis. We show that two resonance peaks appear in the noise spectra of the individual modes and total power of a two-mode VCSEL. We analytically show that these peaks appear at frequencies that correspond to the relaxation oscillation frequencies of the multimode laser.