The exploitation of noise in computation

The increasing densities of integrated electronics are accompanied by increasing levels of noise and fluctuations. Considered obstacles in the operation of electronic and mechanical devices, noise and fluctuations are usually suppressed as much as possible, but at certain integration densities this may no longer work due to the low signal levels used. Different strategies may be needed for computers with nanometer-scale feature sizes, and this paper focuses on systems that actively exploit the properties of noise to drive computations forward or to improve robustness to noise.