Scattering functions for multimoded wideband HF channels

A technique developed for constructing the wideband scattering functions of the HF fluctuating ionospheric channels is further extended in the present paper to account for multipath effects. Examples of the resultant scattering functions are shown for some realistic situations. For the multipath situation, delay spreads can overlap if the paths have nearly similar time delays, particularly for narrowband transmission channels. Widening of the channel bandwidth results in a better resolution of the signal contributions arising from different propagation paths