Correlation of wettability and interfacial reaction to the densification and dielectric properties of fluxed-BaTiO3

Reducing the sintering temperature of BaTiO₃ has typically been achieved through the use of a fluxing agent to promote densification by liquid phase sintering. Liquid phase formation in these systems is due either to the melting of the flux or to the formation of a eutectic liquid between the flux and BaTiO₃. In this paper, the correlation between the wettability and interfacial reactions between fluxes and BaTiO₃ with respect to the densification behavior associated with liquid phase sintering, and the resulting dielectric properties is presented. Fluxes used in this study include 5ZnO·2B₂O₃, 5CdO·2SiO₂, Pb₅Ge₃O₁₁, CuO·TiO₂, 3Bi₂O₃·B₂O₃, and LiF