Title :
Limitations to EMF exposure worldwide and the situation in Turkey
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Biophys., Gazi Univ., Ankara, Turkey
Abstract :
Most of the national and international organizations have formulated guidelines establishing limits for occupational and residential EMF exposure. ICNIRP also developed the exposure limits for EMF. The international EMF project of WHO has completed a standards database limiting exposure to EMF. From this database it can be easily seen that the public safety level E field ranges between 3 V/m to 46.35 V/m for 900 MHz and between 6 V/m to 61.40 V/m for 1800 MHz. Some of the developed countries prefer to make their EMF standard as low as technically possible with "precautionary approach". For 900 MHz cellular phone frequency the E field limit value is 3 V/m in China, 3.88 V/m in Switzerland, 4 V/m in Italia, 0.614 V/m in Salzburg, Austria, 6.14 V/m in Bulgaria and Russia, and 10 V/m - 41.25 V/m in Turkey, 46.35 V/m in America, Canada and England and 41.25 V/m in other European Countries. Disparities in EMF standards around the world have now arisen the question that should all the countries take the precautionary approach into consideration. This symposium is valuable in discussing the approaches of all of the countries to the concept of limitations to EMF exposure worldwide and the precautionary approach together.
Keywords :
biological effects of fields; electromagnetic compatibility; health hazards; safety; telecommunication standards; 1800 MHz; 900 MHz; EMC; EMF exposure; Turkey; WHO project; biological effects; cellular phone frequency; electromagnetic compatibility; precautionary approach; public safety level; Biophysics; Cellular phones; Databases; Electromagnetic compatibility; Frequency; Guidelines; Head; Instruments; Pollution; Transportation;
Conference_Titel :
Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2003. EMC '03. 2003 IEEE International Symposium on
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-7779-6
DOI :
10.1109/ICSMC2.2003.1428999