An improved electric field integral equation for modeling wire antennas inside a lossy ground

A theoretical method is presented to compute electromagnetic fields due to a radiating wire inside a lossy ground. The method uses a modified image theory for replacing the ground, and utilizes the method of moment (MoM) for solving the governing electric field integral equation (EFIE). The new method can include the inevitable leakage current along the wire, and end-point contribution. As a case study, the transient performance of a conducting wire inside a lossy medium and illuminated by a Gaussian pulse is investigated. It is shown that the leakage currents can considerably affect the field distribution around the wire.