Constrained explicit knowledge embedded space mapping using circuit tuning based on physical augmentation as parameter extraction

A new constrained space mapping algorithm is presented. The projection method is used to handle the constraints. The proposed method has advantage of simplicity without sacrificing mathematical robustness of space mapping. As one example, the new algorithm is employed to optimize a multilayer LTCC bandpass filter. The parameter extraction is performed using circuit tuning based on physical augmentation. The result shows the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient.