Energy-efficient forwarding for ad hoc and sensor networks in the presence of fading

In this paper we study the multihop performance of two energy efficient forwarding schemes (GeRaF and GAF) in a Rayleigh fading propagation scenario. Specifically, we evaluate the number of hops which are necessary to reach a destination at distance D, as a function of the density of available relay nodes. Analytical and simulation results show that GeRaF significantly outperforms GAF from the multihop point of view. GeRaF´s energy/latency performance is also found to be very robust with respect to propagation impairments.