Diversity arrangements for internal handset antennas

This paper studies various diversity arrangements for handset antennas at about 1900 MHz by means of measurements and simulations. The antennas used in the diversity arrangements are radiation coupled dual-L antennas (RCDLA), which are strong candidates for internal antennas for mobile terminals. The measurements show that good pattern and polarisation diversity can be obtained with the studied diversity arrangements. It is also shown that the position of the antenna on the case strongly affects the magnitude of the detuning effect that the hand of the user causes. The problems caused by the hand of the user can be mitigated by using diversity antennas at the mobile