Sociological orbit aware location approximation and routing in MANET

In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of integrating \´\´macro-mobility" information obtained from the sociological movement pattern of mobile MANET users into routing. The extraction of this mobility information is based on our observation that the movement of a mobile user exhibits a partially repetitive "orbital" pattern involving a set of "hubs" in practice. This partially deterministic movement pattern is both practical and useful in locating nodes and routing packets to them without the need for constant tracking or flooding. Leveraging on this hub-based orbital pattern, we propose a sociological orbit aware location approximation and routing (SOLAR) protocol. Through extensive performance analysis we show that SOLAR significantly outperforms conventional routing protocols like dynamic source routing (DSR) and location aided routing (LAR) in terms of higher data throughput, lower control overhead, and lower end-to-end delay.