Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based submodule process robustness

Submodule efforts have resulted in improved module design concepts as is demonstrated by: (1) a world record 13% conversion efficiency for a 40.4 cm² laminated 20 segment submodule, and (2) the ability to produce submodules of high FF (>70%) without other substantial losses relative to reference devices. The quality of our deposition systems for larger areas is tested and calibrated by the use of 3×3 matrices of 3"×3" substrates covering an area of over 500 cm². A high quality, high throughput (down to 10 min. deposition times) CIGS absorber process is established and exhibits a high degree of controllability as well as tolerance to compositional fluctuations. Results of laser interconnect patterning are also shown