A low computationally intensive PEM fuel cell dynamic model: Membrane water content dynamics effect under square wave load steps

Computational fuel cell dynamic (CFCD) modeling is considered the most accurate tool for a better FC design and understanding. CFCD models have already proved the effect of the water membrane content in the dynamic response of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) FC. However, these models require high computational resources and they are not easy to interconnect with the usual electrical circuit simulation software packages. This paper presents a dynamic PEM FC model that takes into account the main phenomena involved in a PEM FC reaction and proves the need to consider the membrane water content dynamics when the FC is excited through square wave load steps. This approach is verified through experimental results with a 1.2 kW Nexa Ballard hydrogen PEM FC system.