Recent advances in modeling of traveling wave tubes

Traveling wave tubes (TWTs) remain the amplifiers of choice in many ground and space-based applications requiring the production of broadband high frequency microwave and millimeter wave power with high efficiency. All modern TWTs are designed using sophisticated computer-based design tools that are based on the fundamental physical laws governing the emission, transport, interaction, and collection of electron beams. This paper provides an overview of a state-of-the-art suite of modeling and design tools for the end-to-end simulation of coupled-cavity and helix traveling wave tubes.