Model-based segmentation of the middle phalanx in digital radiographic images of the hand

We present techniques for segmenting the middle phalanx of the middle finger in digital radiographic images using deformable models and active shape models (ASMs). The result of segmentation may be used in the estimation of bone mineral density which in turn may be used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. A technique for minimizing user dependence is described. The segmentation accuracy of the two methods is assessed by comparing contours produced by the algorithms to those produced by manual segmentation, using the Hausdorff distance measure. The ASM technique produces more accurate segmentation.