Notice of RetractionNumerical simulation of rockfall impact force in the case of oblique impacting

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

The impact force by rockfall events is the main loads for structure design such as tunnel entrances and rockfall passive mitigation measures. But the impact force formula are empirical or theoretical calculation methods in the case of positive impact. To solve the impact force calculation problem in case of oblique impact, by systematically comparative analysis between numerical simulation and formula calculation method in case of different impacting speed, different buffer layer thickness and different rockfall size, the authors found that numerical analysis and formula calculated results changed in the same way. And the numerical differences are within 10%. It si proved that by speed decomposition, extending the positive impact force calculation method to the the oblique collision is feasible. But also for calculation of rockfall impact force beyond the scope of the formula, numerical simulation is a feasible way.