Path loss model development for urban outdoor coverage of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system in Malaysia

The study of this work is to develop a new path loss model for urban outdoor coverage in CDMA system based on the empirical measurements collected in CDMA network in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia. The new path loss model is developed by comparing of the calculated path loss from measurements to the well-known path loss models such as Free Space pass loss model, Okumura´s Model, Hata´s Model and Egli´s Model. The Okumura´s Model was chosen as reference in new path loss model development based on the smallest mean relative error to the measured path loss with up to 10.46%. A semi-empirical model is developed from Okumura and the collected measurements by regression fitting method. This semi-empirical model will be used as reference in the optimization process where Okumura´s model will be optimized to achieve smallest mean relative error to the semi-empirical model. The mean relative error has been reduced from 3.50629% to 0.00009% in order to find out the new path loss model by multiply with variables A, B, C, D, E & F to Okumura´s model. This newly optimized Okumura´s model is named as Yihpey´s Model which has proved that it has the smallest mean relative error 6.67% to the measurements data collected in validation process. This model is more reliable with higher accuracy compared to other model for path loss calculation in urban region of CDMA System in KL.