On the robust incorporation of formant features into hidden Markov models for automatic speech recognition

A formant analyser is interpreted probabilistically via a noisy channel model. This leads to a robust method of incorporating formant features into hidden Markov models for automatic speech recognition. Recognition equations follow trivially, and Baum-Welch style re-estimation equations are derived. Experimental results are presented which provide empirical proof of convergence, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in achieving recognition performance advantages by including formant features rather than only using cepstrum features