Mathematical modelling of packet transmission through cluster head from unequal clusters in WSN

The network lifetime always a critical issue in sensor networks because the sensor nodes are characterized by restricted and non-replaceable energy supply. Thus maximizing lifetime of network by minimizing energy consumption poses a challenge in design of protocols. Therefore, proper organization of clustering and orientation of nodes within the cluster becomes one of the important issue to extend the lifetime of the whole sensor network through cluster head. We investigate the problem of energy consumption in ClusterHead (CH) rotation (i.e. re- clustering) in wireless sensor networks. The selection criteria of the CH are based on the residual energy of nodes within the clusters and minimum average distance from the Base Station. The total energy in delivering a packet from the sensor node to other nodes has been mathematically derived. Moreover, the expected number of packet retransmissions and the effect of it on the network is also discussed in our proposed energy model. In this paper we applied the approach for producing energy-aware unequal clusters with optimal selection of cluster head and discussed several aspects of the network mathematically and statistically. This work presents an analysis of its design and implementation aspects. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach of re-clustering in terms of energy consumption and lifetime parameters.