A neural pattern generator that exhibits frequency-dependent in-phase and anti-phase oscillations

The authors describe a neural pattern generator based on a cooperative-competitive feedback neural network. The two-channel version of the generator supports both in-phase and anti-phase oscillations. A scalar arousal level controls both the oscillation phase and frequency. As arousal increased oscillation frequency increased and bifurcations from in-phase to anti-phase, or anti-phase to in-phase oscillations can occur. Coupled versions of the model exhibited oscillatory patterns which corresponded to the gaits used in locomotion and other oscillatory movements by various animals