Low-power adiabatic sequential circuits with complementary pass-transistor logic

This paper presents low-power complementary pass-transistor adiabatic logic (CPAL) using two-phase power-clocks instead of four-phase ones. The two-phase CPAL uses complementary pass-transistor logic for evaluation and transmission gates for energy-recovery. It is more suitable for design of flip-flops and sequential circuits, as it uses fewer transistors than conventional CMOS transmission gate-based implementations and other adiabatic logic circuits such as 2N-2N2P. Adiabatic flip-flops (D, T and JK) based on the two-phase CPAL are introduced. A practical sequential system realized with the proposed adiabatic flip-flops is demonstrated. SPICE simulations show that the two-phase CPAL flip-flops consume less power than 2N-2N2P and CMOS implementation.