Theoretical Model and Simulations for the Shape Variation of a Droplet in the Electrowetting Effect

The paper presents a theoretical study and simulations of the variation of the contact angle in the electrowetting phenomenon. We determine the droplet shape based on the fact that when the system is in equilibrium, the energy of the system reaches local minimum. The main parameter that characterizes the droplet shape is the wetting angle. We use a differential evolution algorithm to obtain the value of the wetting angle such that the energy of the system reaches its minimum value. Simulations using the CoventorWare 2005 software have been performed, to study the variation of the droplet shape for different voltage values. The results of the simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical model