Notice of RetractionStudy on the spatial mismatch of big urban in China

Notice of Retraction

After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of IEEE´s Publication Principles.

We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.

The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting TPII@ieee.org.

In the reform era especially from the 1990s, accelerated population suburbanization in Chinese cities, fueled by urban development, urban land reform and urban housing reform, has profoundly changed the spatial relationship between jobs and housing. The imbalance development of Job opportunity and housing caused lots of urban problems like traffic jam and excessive commuting. This paper summarized the driving force of the special mismatch under the housing reform background, and then, systematically analyzed the mechanism of jobs-housing relationship in order to point out the inevitability of spatial mismatch under the market economy and indicated disadvantaged group in big cities are victim during the jobs-housing separation. Next, the paper improved the SMI to take the housing affordability and accessibility of low-income citizens which need more concern into consideration. Finally, suggestions were put forward for the urban planning to improve special balance, such as taken some planning policies to build houses for different levels, especially for the low-income citizens, in downtown.