Analysis of an ad hoc network with autonomously moving nodes

Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of mobile nodes, connected by wireless links. If a destination node is beyond the transmission range of an origin node, then the nodes must cooperate to provide a multi-hop route. Any node can act as a sender, receiver or transit node. It is clear that it is in a nodepsilas interest to be a sender or receiver, but it is less clear what the value is of forwarding traffic on behalf of other nodes. The nodes should therefore be given incentives to act as transit nodes, because otherwise the network would fail to function. A way to do so is by introducing for each node a credit balance, where nodes use credits to pay for the costs of sending their own traffic, and earn credits by forwarding traffic from other nodes. In this paper we focus on the situation where each node can move to improve its utility expressed in terms of either credit balance or throughput. Here radio interference plays a pivotal role, as it defines an interesting trade-off: nodes may prefer to be close together in order to reduce the energy needed to transmit data, but on the other hand proximity increases interference, and has therefore a negative effect on connectivity. Simulation experiments reveal that the positions of the nodes converge to (non-trivial) optimal operating points.