Mode in output participation factors for linear systems

The common definition of modal participation factors was intended to provide a measure of participation of modes in states and of states in modes for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In this paper, recent work by the authors that revisited this common definition is extended to yield definitions and calculations for quantifying the relative contribution of system modes in system outputs. When the system outputs are simply the system states, the mode-in-output participation factors are found to reduce to the original mode-in-state participation factors. A numerical example is given to illustrate the issues addressed and the results obtained.