Switched-capacitor power supplies: DC voltage ratio, efficiency, ripple, regulation

A comprehensive and accurate steady-state analysis of a step-up DC-DC switched-capacitor power converter is performed. No approximations, such as average techniques, are invoked. Parasitic elements such as diode forward voltages, on-resistances of transistors and equivalent-series resistances of capacitors are included into the model. The converter performance functions, i.e. DC voltage ratio, efficiency, output voltage ripple, are expressed in terms of the number of switched-capacitor stages, number of capacitors per stage, values of the capacitors and parasitic elements, switching frequency and load. Design criteria aiming at high efficiency, low ripple and achievable output voltage are formulated. Trade-offs between the efficiency requirement and good regulation capability are discussed