A Low-Cost Clock Output Pixel Sensor with Self-Calibration

In this paper, a 32 times 32 pixel array CMOS clock output pixel sensor with self-calibration is presented. By means of the current reset technique, the reset, read-out and self-calibration phases are executed simultaneously. Each pixel comprises only one photodiode along with four transistors which effectively improves the quantum efficiency. The pixel size is 10 times 15 mum² with 67% fill-factor using tsmc 0.35 mum standard CMOS technology. The power dissipation of single pixel is 5.6 muW and the frame rate of the imager is 780 fps.