A geolocation method using ToA and FoA measurements

In this paper, we describe a geolocation method using time of arrival (ToA) and frequency of arrival (FoA) measurements. The proposed method has been developed in particular for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like the American Global Positioning System (GPS) and the forthcoming European navigation system GALILEO. Most commercial GNSS receivers calculate their position based on ToA measurements. By exploiting the additional information of the FOA measurements we want to provide more robust position estimates under severe environmental conditions. Whereas the ToA method requires at least four measurements, with the described approach it is possible to provide a position estimate using less than four satellites in view. For the navigation algorithm we applied a least square (LS) approach.